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Coreless motor is a new type of micro motor which also known as hollow cup motor. Unlike conventional motors, coreless motor utilizes slotless and coreless coil as the armature winding which pierced iron core structure of traditional motor, then significantly reduce weight and moment of inertia and fundamentally eliminate the eddy current loss of iron core, therefore, energy loss of motor during the running process will be decreased. Coreless motor has been become one of the development direction of the motor because of its energy saving performance, high sensitivity, control and operation characteristics, therefore coreless motor magnet received wide attention. Advantages of Coreless Motor Coreless winding will ensure low moment of inertia and thus provide quick starting speed. Low loss and high efficiency, without reluctance torque and eddy current loss generated by the iron Extraordinarysensitivity and response speed. Relatively high ratio of power to volume. Low torque ripple and noise. Low armature inductance and superior commutation performance. Excellent heat dissipating capability and service life. Structure and Working Principle of Coreless Motor Coreless motor can be classified to coreless brush motor and coreless brushless motor according to the commutation mode. Coreless brush motor uses the mechanical brush to commutate and composed of housing, soft magnetic inner stator, permanent magnet outer stator and coreless-type rotor armature. Torque will generate when the current passing through the windings of coreless brush motor and rotor start to rotate. Brush utilizes mechanical commutator to change the current direction once rotor rotated to the specific angle, then direction of output torque being kept constant and rotor continued to rotate. Coreless brushless motor uses the electric commutation mode and composed of housing, soft magnetic material, insulating material, stator made by coreless armature and the permanent magnet rotor. The commutation of coreless brushless motor is released through access circuit to different windings.

The Coulumb`s Law for magnetism contains two aspects: one is attractive and repulse force between magnetic pole, and another one is the attractive force between magnetic field and ferromagnetic parts. In reality, this is the initial and general knowledge in most people`s mind regard to the permanent magnet. The finite element analysis (FEA) results indicate a phenomenon that multi-pole magnetized magnets have stronger attractive force under the small air gap compared to the conventional magnetized magnets, and attractive force will also enhance with increasing pole number. Besides, the attractive force of multi-pole magnetized magnets decrease fast as the air gap increases, and conventional magnetized magnets exhibit strongest force under the large air gap. Meanwhile, unlike multi-pole magnetized magnets which can limit the flux leakage, conventional magnetized magnets usually generate higher flux leakage and thus produce the negative effect on nearby electronic devices in some applications. The multi-pole magnets can be realized through two ways. One way is placing several magnets with different magnetizing direction into the specific pattern. Another way is directly magnetizing magnet by multi-pole magnetizing yoke. The above FEA results already showed that optimum design for the attractive force application is different for different air gap range, but regular multi-pole magnetizing yoke cannot provide enough flexibility in the magnetizing process. Therefore, development of programmable magnetizing technology and relevant programmable magnetized magnets becomes very necessary. What is Programmable Magnetizing? Programmable magnetizing is software-controlled magnetizing technology which ensures precision control over the magnetic pattern, then provide desirable attractive force under a given gap and limit the flux leakage in the meanwhile. The [printing head" of creative Magnetic Printer is a pair of small magnetizer and thus magnetize magnet point by point which similar to the process of printing a photograph by needle printer. The minimum magnetized area is around 1mm and printing process is totally controlled by computer programming. Programmable magnetizing is ideally suiting for the new product with the complicated magnetizing patterns due to its excellent flexibility. Most of the people believe that interactive force between two conventional magnets can be only attractive or repulsive and of independent of the air gap, but the interactive force can be reversed with the air gap in certain magnetizing pattern obtained by programmable magnetizing process.

5G has attracted much attention due to its application prospect in vehicle networking and industrial IOT, while trade war between China and the United States also promotes the temperature. In fact, 5G has also caused an uproar owing to the mass production of 5G circulator magnets. As an important component of radio-frequency subsystem, circulators have been widely used in wave filter, duplexer and reflection amplifier of 2G ~ 4G wireless base station. 5G has much higher network capacity requirement compared with 4G, and Massive MIMO Technology is one of the critical technology to enhance network capacity. In order to support Massive MIMO Technology, antenna channel of 5G significantly increase to 64-channel from 4-channel and 8-channel in 4G. The consumption of radio-frequency devices has been increased by several times with the increasing channels. Besides, more base station density than 4G due to improvement of working band. Hence, consumption of circulator and relevant 5G circulator will increase sharply. What is Circulator? Circulator is a radio-frequency passive device in the mobile communication field that allows microwave or radio-frequency signal transmits in unidirectional ring. The one-way transmission characteristics are based on the gyromagnetic property of gyromagnetic ferrite. Gyromagnetic ferrite is a kind of ferrite material which polarization plane constantly rotates around transmission direction when the plane polarized electromagnetic wave travel through the ferrite in one particular direction under high frequency magnetic field. The one-way transmission characteristics are mainly served for mutual isolation between level and level or between level and system of radio-frequency equipment to ensure working independently, therefore, protect signal source and reduce frequency pulling, interference or unnecessary radiation which will efficiently improve circuit quality. Isolator is another device that helps electromagnetic wave to achieve one-way transmission. The power is completely transferred to load when electromagnetic wave transfers along the forward direction, then reflected wave from the load generated relatively high attenuation. Such one-way transmission characteristics can be applied to isolate the power reflection from the load, and thus protect the signal source. In reality, the circulator can become isolator as long as one of the port connects to termination resistor. About 5G Circulator Magnets Permanent magnets are a key component that applies the constant direct-current magnetic field to gyromagnetic ferrite, and directly affect working band, temperature stability and other parameters of circulator. Both ferrite and Samarium Cobalt magnets can serve as circulator magnets. Ferrite magnets may off-center and the performance of circulator become unstable, in the meanwhile, ferrite also cannot satisfy the miniaturization demand of 5G circulator. In this case, Sm2Co17 magnets are chosen as 5G circulator magnets even do not have the cost advantage. With the increasing construction of 5G base station, the demand for Sm2Co17 5G circulator magnets is experiencing explosive growth.

Apple recently claimed that the core component Taptic Engine of iPhone 11 and iPhone 11 Pro are totally made of recycled rare earth elements. Rare earth in Taptic Engine mainly served to Neodymium Taptic Engine magnets, and even accounted for a quarter of the total rare earth amount in iPhone according to the relevant data. What is Taptic Engine? The vibration function is the most-neglected function to the mobile phone users, but this function has a very important role in our daily life in actuality. Mobile phone will regularly vibrate with message or telegram under the silent mode which remind users do not miss. And nowadays, vibration has been more of an experiential function, such as vibration sense of virtual buttons during text input or vibrating effect of recoil force in shooting game. The vibration is generated by vibration motor in mobile phone and it can be classified into rotor motor and linear motor according to the vibration principle. Rotor motor has the advantages of simple manufacture process and low cost, but there are also some problems include slow start-up and large size which directly determine the decline of rotor motor against a background of thinner trend. Linear motor can convert electricity to mechanical energy directly and drive spring mass to do linear motion thus generate vibration. The linear motor can be further divided into transverse linear motor and longitudinal linear motor. Transverse linear motor can vibrate through both X-axis and Y-axis, then obtained relatively longer vibration stroke, higher start-up, controllable vibration direction and compact structure which will be more advantageous to the reduce the body thickness of mobile phone. Currently, more and more mobile phone manufacturers equip transverse linear motor for their flagship products, but in fact, Apple is the originator in this area. Apple has firstly equipped transverse linear motor [Taptic Engine" in their smart watch, then abandoned previous eccentric rotor motor and start to utilize Taptic Engine from iPhone 6s. About Taptic Engine Magnets The working principle of Taptic Engine magnets can refer our previous article about linear motor magnets. In reality, Apple has strictly product standard regard to the Taptic Engine magnets, and we may find some new surprise in next generation of products.

Voice coil motors are a special form of linear motion motor, and also famous for its working principle which similar to the loudspeaker. Voice coil motor has a simple structure, low volume and noise, in the meanwhile, its specific thrust, acceleration, response speed and accuracy are also excellent. Besides, voice coil motor is also reliable and easy to maintain. Therefore, voice coil motors are widely applied to hard disk drive (HDD), optical disk drive (ODD), scanner, lens focusing, laser cutting, vibrating motor of mobile phone, medical equipment and spaceflight apparatus. Even to this day, a great deal of Neodymium magnets is still serving as voice coil motor magnets which utilized as servo drive of seeking and focusing mechanism in hard disk drive (HDD) and the optical disk drive (ODD) Working Principle of Voice Coil Motor According to Ampere`s force law, force F suffered by current-carrying wires in the magnetic field is determined by magnetic induction B, current I and included angle θ between magnetic field and current direction. When the length of current-carrying wire and magnetic induction being kept constant, the force is directly proportional to the current, and voice coil motor is right based on this principle. Place a conducting coil into the magnetic field, and magnetic conduction cylinder which inside the coil and external permanent magnets will form a magnetic circuit. Coil will be subjected to the magnetic field after energized the coil, therefore generate an axial force on the coil. It should be noted that the direction of force is affected by the current direction in coil. About Voice Coil Motor Magnets The magnetization pattern of ring-shaped voice coil motor magnets in cylindrical voice motor should via radial direction, and most of them are built by several pieces of diametrically magnetized arc magnet. By comparison with arc magnet array, radially oriented ring magnets will exhibit more uniformly distribution in the magnetic field.

Permanent magnets can be assembled together with different kind of materials to build magnetic system for the purpose of getting much stronger holding to the ferromagnetic load or get an ideal magnetic field in a given space, and why magnetic assemblies are often regarded as a common solutions to many magnet applications? Advantages of Magnetic Assemblies Normally, magnetic assemblies are refer in particular to regular holding applications, and assemblies have the following advantages: Enhanced mechanical strength. Inherently brittle is a serious problemduring the application of Neodymium, Samarium Cobalt and Ferrite magnets. Repetitive mechanical shock between polar surface and work-piece may cause volume loss on magnets, thus lead to the certain degree of deterioration of magnetic field or attractive force. Permanent magnets and other non-magnetic parts such as ferrous metal, non-ferrous metal or plastic are assembles together will form a barrier that avoids damage during use. Enhanced magnetic strength. Besides increased mechanical strength, the biggest purpose of magnetic assemblies is certainly increasing magnetic strength. That is, assemblies have more obvious advantages in cost compared with pure magnets under the same requirement of magnetic strength. Assemblies typically exhibit much higher attractive force in comparison with pure magnets due to flux conducting parts applied in it which as an integral part of the whole magnetic circuit. Magnetic field in a specific region can be improved and focused by utilizing magnetic induction of flux conducting parts. It also should be pointed out that even extremely small air gap between assemblies and work-piece can dramatically influence the magnetic strength. Non-magnetic parts typically have incorporate mechanisms for different holding applications.

Early linear motion driving is achieved by the transformation from rotation to linear motion, by contrast, linear motor driving system has many advantages including high efficiency, control accuracy, dynamic performance, simple structure and also easy to maintain. Compared to traditional linear motor, tubular linear motor possess relatively higher power density and free of end winding, thus endow distinct technology advantage and promotion value in industrial automation, mechanical and military applications. As an essential component, tubular linear motor magnets have also got a lot of attention. About Tubular Linear Motor Magnets Halbach array in tubular linear motor is made of radially oriented magnets and axial magnetized magnets which arranged in a certain order, then obtain much stronger sinusoidal distributed magnetic field on the working side and keeping the field to a very low value on the other side. Actually, halbach array has broad prospects in tubular linear motor, and there is no doubt that both technical difficulty and cost of radially oriented magnets are significantly higher than regular axial magnetized magnets, therefore, the vast majority of tubular linear motor manufacturers are all adopts axial magnetized magnet array in their products. For large-sized tubular linear motor, can make radially magnetized magnet by several pieces of diametrically magnetized arc magnet, in the meanwhile, fabricate ultra-small radially oriented tubular linear motor magnets by hot-pressed and hot-pressed process to meet the requirement of motor`s miniaturization.

Circumferentially orientation and magnetizing pattern is not available for arc and ring magnets which comprised of Neodymium magnets and Samarium Cobalt magnets. The most common circumferentially oriented magnets are common Alnico horseshoe magnet, however, whether or not Alnico ring magnets can be oriented and magnetized through circumferential direction? In fact, Alnico ring magnets can achieve circumferentially orientation by using magnetic field generated by electrified straight conductor. Circumferentially Oriented Magnets in Hysteresis Coupling In theory, closed circuit means the magnet does not have any exposed poles and will not generate the external magnetic field, then applies no useful application. But in reality, circumferentially oriented magnets can be served to hysteresis coupling as hysteresis part. Hysteresis coupling utilize multi-pole magnetized permanent magnet faces a disc of a non-magnetized hysteresis material which has high residual induction and low coercivity. The permanent magnet with certain arrangement force portions of the hysteresis material to cycle along its minor hysteresis loop. The magnetic material will operate on a minor hysteresis loop when it does not reach saturation, and minor hysteresis loop requires less energy for moving magnet around them which is the basis for hysteresis systems. The turning and braking toque of hysteresis coupling is extremely depends on the dimension, magnetic material, pole number and air gap as below shown, and independent of the relative speed and is fully available even at very low relative speed.

Magnets are materials that produce magnetic fields, which attract specific metals. Every magnet has a north and a south pole. Opposite poles attract, while like poles repel. While most magnets are made from metals and metal alloys, scientists have devised ways to create magnets from composite materials, such as magnetic polymers. What Creates Magnetism Magnetism in metals is created by the uneven distribution of electrons in atoms of certain metal elements. The irregular rotation and movement caused by this uneven distribution of electrons shift the charge inside the atom back and forth, creating magnetic dipoles. When magnetic dipoles align they create a magnetic domain, a localized magnetic area that has a north and a south pole. In unmagnetized materials, magnetic domains face in different directions, canceling each other out. Whereas in magnetized materials, most of these domains are aligned, pointing in the same direction, which creates a magnetic field. The more domains that align together the stronger the magnetic force. Types of Magnets Permanent magnets (also known as hard magnets) are those that constantly producing a magnetic field. This magnetic field is caused by ferromagnetism and is the strongest form of magnetism. Temporary magnets (also known as soft magnets) are magnetic only while in the presence of a magnetic field. Electromagnets require an electric current to run through their coil wires in order to produce a magnetic field.

The global ferrite magnet market size reached US$ 5.65 Billion in 2018. Ferrite magnets, also known as ceramic magnets, are a type of permanent magnets that are electrically insulating. They are hard, brittle and offer strong resistance to demagnetization. They are insensitive to humidity, exhibit low magnetic energy and can be utilized for outdoor applications without rusting. As a result, these magnets do not require any coating, except for specialist applications where ferrite surface dust is not wanted. Apart from this, they are inexpensive as compared to the other types of permanent magnets, such as samarium-cobalt (SmCO), neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) and aluminum-nickel-cobalt (AlNiCo) magnets. Moreover, ferrite magnets are affordable, have high resistance potential against solvents, weak acids, lubricants, salts, greases and can tolerate temperatures up to 250 degrees. Ferrite magnets primarily exist in two forms, namely, strontium- and barium-ferrite magnets. As they are suited for higher volume production, they are widely utilized in the production of electro-acoustic products such as transducers (used in speakers and microphones), intercom sets, communication equipment, sound powered telephones and protection and communicating helmets. Consequently, the burgeoning demand for these products is impelling the growth of the ferrite magnet market around the world. In addition to this, as these magnets are used in automobile braking and locking systems, the rising sales of modern vehicles are further driving the market growth. Furthermore, owing to the functional properties of these magnets, especially the long-term performance, they aid in increasing the life cycle of the products like medical devices. On account of these factors, the market is projected to reach US$ 7.11 Billion by 2024, expanding at a CAGR of 3.85% during the forecast period (2019-2024).

Global demand for samarium cobalt magnets is projected to expand at a 6.3% annual pace to $419 million in 2023 due to: Increasing production of electronic devices such as cell phones, tablets, and laptops Rising need for magnets with resistance to high temperatures and corrosive environments in industrial applications However, supply constraints for raw cobalt and anticipated robust demand growth for electric vehicles, which utilize cobalt in lithium-ion batteries, could dampen the outlook for SmCo magnets if significant price hikes result for the materials needed to manufacture them. Efforts to recycle SmCo magnets in order to minimize the supply risk of samarium and cobalt and reduce the environmental problems connected with primary mining and ore processing could offset some potential price increases. According to project director Kyle Peters, "Despite its advanced economy, Western Europe is likely to witness promising growth in demand for cobalt magnets due to a ramp-up in EV production." Many automobile manufacturers are investing in the production of EVs, including Volkswagen, which in 2018 invested $50 billion for mass production of EVs in Europe and reconfigured three plants in Germany for production of these vehicles. Samarium cobalt magnets – which are also called rare earth cobalt, RECo magnets – are composed of the rare earth element samarium and cobalt, and typically also contain iron, copper, and zirconium. Along with neodymium magnets, samarium cobalt magnets are often referred to as rare earth magnets. Both bonded and sintered products are available.

Scientists have discovered a potential tool to enhance magnetization and magnetic anisotropy, making it possible to improve the performance of samarium-cobalt magnets. The scientists, at the U.S. Department of Energy's Critical Materials Institute at Ames Laboratory, in collaboration with the Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience and the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Nebraska, identified orbital-moment quenching as the possible tool, and rationalized the quenching in terms of the dependence of electrical charge distribution in samarium atoms. Sm-Co magnets were the first rare-earth permanent magnets, and are still the top performer in applications where resistance to demagnetization-its coercivity-and performance at high temperatures are important. The scientists at first sought to test the limits of substituting iron for some of the cobalt, attempting to make a Sm-Co magnet comparable in strength to neodymium iron boron (Nd-Fe-B) magnets, which has a higher magnetic moment. "The Critical Materials Institute (CMI) has as one of its moonshots the discovery of materials that are comparable in strength to neodymium magnets, but with the high-temperature durability of samarium magnets," said Durga Paudyal, Ames Laboratory scientist and project leader for Predicting Magnetic Anisotropy at CMI. "We were looking to increase the magnetic moment of the standard Sm-Co magnet." The research collaboration led to the discovery that substitutions of iron could range as high as 20 percent, keeping the coercivity of the magnet intact. Computational theory and modeling results showed that the electronic structure of the Samarium in the material may violate Hund's rule, which predicts how electrons occupy available orbitals in the atomic structure. The research findings will help scientists sort out the parameters of magnetism in rare-earth materials, and help speed discovery of potentially useful magnets in the future. The research is further discussed in "Anisotropy and Orbital Moment in Sm-Co Permanent Magnets."

The rise of electric vehicles is threatening supplies of a host of the earth`s elements. Cobalt and lithium for batteries are getting most of the attention, but rare earths for electric motors are also a pinch point. Now, Toyota Motor scientists have developed a new recipe for the motors` permanent magnets that cuts reliance on particularly rare rare earths. Permanent magnets keep electric motors turning in all kinds of devices, from electric toothbrushes to refrigerator compressors. In electric vehicles, the magnets need to last a long time without demagnetizing. They also have to stay stable at temperatures that can reach 100 oC. To meet those requirements, the magnets are made up of 30% rare earths, to take advantage of their many unpaired electrons, and 70% iron. The go-to rare earth for powerful, durable magnets is neodymium. Most of this pricey element comes from China, and Toyota says demand is expected to increase rapidly. Smaller amounts of terbium or dysprosium are added to neodymium to lend heat resistance, but those elements are even more expensive. Toyota has already cut terbium and dysprosium use in the 2016 Prius, and future magnets won`t use any, the firm promises. In addition, up to 50% of the neodymium will be replaced with the low-cost rare earths lanthanum and cerium. To make the new recipe work, Toyota scientists reduced the size of the magnet`s grains to 0.25 micrometers, one-tenth their original size. They then concentrated neodymium on the surfaces of the smaller grains; the grains in standard magnets have the expensive element throughout. Looking inside the grains, they found that a 1:3 ratio of lanthanum to cerium is needed to prevent magnet performance from deteriorating. Toyota says the new magnets could reach the market in the first half of the 2020s. They could also be used in robots and household appliances.

With worldwide efforts by governments to cut noxious emissions produced by fossil fuel-powered cars, electric carmaker Tesla is making the switch to a magnetic motor using neodymium. Researchers have found that the market for the neodymium-iron-boron magnet used in the motors is now worth more than US$11.3 billion, with demand for the magnets surging by 8.5 percent between 2010 and 2017. David Merriman, a senior analyst at metals consultancy Roskill, stated, [some electric car motors use the permanent magnet technology, probably the most famous is the Tesla Model 3 Long Range. All the other Tesla models - Model X and Model 3 standard - use induction motors." Last year, global demand of 31,700 tonnes for neodymium outstripped supply by 3,300 tonnes. Demand for 2018 is expected to climb to 38,800 tonnes, leaving larger deficits, Merriman added. A source at a fund manager that specializes in metals told Reuters, [Tesla`s decision to switch to permanent magnets has completely changed the dynamics of the market." While companies and experts are excited about neodymium, there are certain factors that could stand in the way of its success. For instance, China imposed strict export quotas across a range of rare earths in 2010, saying it wanted to curtail pollution and preserve resources. The Asian country resumed neodymium exports in 2015, but traders fear an export ban could happen again. Additionally, the process of rare earth extraction tends to be both difficult and expensive, as it requires separating multiple different metals from a single deposit. This is unlike much simpler processes, like recovering copper from ore, for example. Due to these factors, as well as the environmental damages that rare earths production causes, many automakers are searching for ways to cut down on neodymium use. In fact, last month, Toyota announced that it had found a way to cut the use of the metal in electric motors by about a fifth. The firm stated that it had created the world`s first neodymium-reduced, heat-resistant magnet, and said that it could be used in electric vehicles within the next 10 years. For now, automakers making permanent magnet motors are strongly reliant on China and its production of neodymium, which according to Roskill accounted for 85 percent of global output of rare earth oxide in 2017.

For the first time, scientists have created a permanently magnetic liquid. While soft magnets -also known as a ferromagnetic liquid-exist already, this discovery is different. A soft magnet can exist in liquid form when it`s close to magnetic objects, but it only remains magnetized when in the presence of such an object. This magnetic liquid, however, remained magnetized even after the magnetic object was removed. How it Happened Researchers at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory at the University of California were originally creating materials that are solid but have characteristics of liquids by using 3D printing liquids of tiny droplets of water, oil, and iron oxides-a chemical compound made up of iron and oxygen. Lead author and grad student Xubo Liu was looking at the 3D printed droplets when he noticed its particles spinning in unison -- then realizing the entire object was spinning as well. The scientists then separated the droplets and placed them near a magnetic coil, which magnetized them. Again, this is normal and is known as a ferromagnetic liquid. What was different, however, was that when the coil was taken away, the droplets remained magnetized. Not only that, but the liquid droplets could morph into various shapes and be externally manipulated to move around. At this point, researchers are not entirely sure why any of this was able to happen. Potential Applications Once scientists figure out how exactly these particles are able to hold onto their magnetic field, this magnetic liquid could have some interesting applications. Thomas Russell, a distinguished professor of polymer science and engineering at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, says [for me, it sort of represents a new state of magnetic materials." Creating a mini [grabber" is one application, according to Russell. [Printing a cylinder with a non-magnetic middle and two magnetic caps. The two ends would come together like a horseshoe magnet. Another application can be a mini liquid person! For Terminator fans, Russell imagines a smaller-scale version of the liquid T-1000 from the second movie. Once more research is done and there are more answers about how this liquid works, more applications will come in the future.

Although we have previously discussed the fact that some rare earth elements are not as rare as their name suggests, the fact remains that China supplies roughly 90% of a primary element used in the manufacture of neodymium magnets. Therefore, a recent discovery in the mud at sea-bottom off the coast of Japan is interesting because it may provide an alternative source not only for neodymium, but other elements. An estimated 16 million tons of that mud may hold massive, [semi-infinite" stores of valuable rare earth minerals according to a research paper published January 2018 in the journal Nature. In that paper, a Japanese scientific research team proposes a model for extracting rare-earth elements and yttrium (REY) found in high concentration (over 5,000ppm total REY content) within deep-sea mud discovered in the western North Pacific Ocean near Minamitori shima Island, Japan, in 2013. This REY-rich mud has great potential as a rare-earth metal resource if it can be successfully commercially extracted because of the enormous amount available and its advantageous mineralogical features. The Nature article estimated the resource amount in REY-rich mud with Geographical Information System software and established a mineral processing procedure proposed to enhance its economic value.

Neodymium has incredibly strong magnetic properties, and is used to create the strongest rare earth magnets currently available by weight and volume. Praseodymium, another rare earth, is also often found in such magnets, while dysprosium is added to improve the functionality of neodymium magnets at higher temperatures. Neodymium-iron-boron magnets have revolutionized many mainstays of modern technology, such as cell phones and computers. Due to how powerful these magnets are even in small sizes, neodymium has made the miniaturization of many electronics possible, as per the Royal Society of Chemistry. To give a few examples,neodymium magnets cause the tiny vibrations in mobile devices when a ringer is silenced, and it is only because of neodymium`s strong magnetic properties that MRI scanners can produce an accurate view of the inside of a human body without having to use radiation. These magnets are also used for graphics in modern TVs; they greatly improve picture quality by accurately directing electrons to the screen in the proper order for maximum clarity and enhanced color. Additionally, neodymium is a key component in wind turbines, which use neodymium magnets to assist with enhancing turbine power and generating electricity. The metal is most commonly found in direct-drive wind turbines. These function at lower speeds, allowing wind farms to create more electricity than traditional wind turbines, and in turn make a greater profit. Essentially, since neodymium doesn`t weigh much (even though it generates a significant amount of force) there are fewer parts involved in the overall design, making turbines more efficient energy producers. As demand for alternative energy rises, demand for neodymium is set to increase as well.

The main raw material NdFeB rare earth permanent magnets are neodymium, iron and non-metallic element boron (sometimes with the addition of aluminum, cobalt, praseodymium, dysprosium, terbium, gallium, etc.), by the general formula: RE2TM14B (RE = Nd, Pr, Dy TM = Fe, Co) NdFeB permanent magnet materials based on Nd2Fe14B ternary compounds as the matrix, its composition should be similar to the compounds of formula Nd2Fe14B. But exactly Nd2Fe14B composition ratio, the magnets can be very low, or even non-magnetic. Just real magnet among neodymium and boron content ratio of neodymium and boron content Nd2Fe14B compound for a long time (that is, the formation of the Nd-rich phase and boron-rich phase) in order to obtain good magnetic properties. Compared to other permanent magnet, the NdFeB is not high temperature. Its Curie temperature is only 310 ℃, and samarium cobalt can reach over 700 degrees, aluminum, nickel and cobalt over 800 degrees. Ferrite also 450 degrees. According to the level of coercive force, NdFeB extreme operating temperature ranging from 80 ℃ ~ 200 ℃. If your temperature exceeds 200 ℃, it recommended better SmCo Model complete NdFeB magnets are proud of magnet manufacturers, customers can choose the model they need, of course, also can be customized, and you can avoid a lot of trouble to solve your problem is we have to do.

Metal magnetic materials are divided into two categories: permanent magnetic materials and soft magnetic materials. Usually the intrinsic coercivity than called permanent magnetic materials 0.8kA/m materials, the intrinsic coercivity less than 0.8kA/m material for soft magnetic materials. 11, what is the Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet, it is divided into several categories? Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet is the strongest permanent magnet material found in 1982. The main chemical composition of Nd (neodymium), Fe (iron), B (b), the main phase cell in crystallography for the tetragonal structure, molecular formula for Nd2Fe14B (referred to as 2:14:1 phase). In addition to the main phase Nd-Fe-B, the Nd2Fe14B permanent magnet also contains a small amount of Nd rich phase, B rich equivalent to other phases. The main phase and Nd rich phase are the two most important phases to determine the permanent magnetic properties of Nd-Fe-B magnets. Today, Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet has been widely used in the fields of computer, medical devices, communication devices, electronic devices, magnetic machinery and so on. Nd-Fe-B magnets are divided into two categories: sintering and bonding. Usually of Nd-Fe-B sintered magnet is manufactured by powder metallurgy method of anisotropy in a dense magnets, and usually the Nd-Fe-B bonded magnet is microcrystalline powders obtained by cold shock, each powder contains a plurality of Nd-Fe-B crystallite grain, then polymer or other adhesive will stick powder to form the bulk magnet, so usually the Nd-Fe-B bonded magnet is a non dense isotropic magnets. Therefore, usually of Nd-Fe-B sintered magnet magnetic can is much higher than that of bonded Nd-Fe-B magnets, but bonded Nd-Fe-B magnets have many sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets irreplaceable advantage: can use pressure nodes and injection molding method of making small size and complex shape, geometry precision high permanent magnetic body and is easy to implement large-scale automatic production; in addition, Nd-Fe-B bonded magnet also facilitates magnetized in arbitrary direction, can facilitate the production of the whole magnet multipole and countless pole, and this for sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets is usually very difficult to achieve; the Nd-Fe-B bonded magnet Nd2Fe14B is microcrystalline, so it also has than the corrosion resistance of the sintered magnet has the advantages of good.

NdFeB magnets are neodymium, iron and boron through mixing, pressing, sintering. Cutting into the shape of different size specifications according to the requirements of the product. NdFeB material chemical composition is more active, appearance is very susceptible to corrosion, so the finished appearance is required plating. However, the use of time and quality electroplating process after pre-production and it is closely related. Early work includes degreasing, rust, and activation. As long as there is a part of the preliminary work in question is not in place, will give the subsequent adverse effect NdFeB magnets plating defects, the plating layer may be blistering, peeling. A defective product is no bad market value. If defective products once they are applied to the important equipment, it will cause the machine malfunction. It has serious consequences. Before plating, preliminary work NdFeB: NdFeB belong microporous materials. Because porous so give step before plating has brought a lot of troubles. Basic on the first surface of the product, an acidic substance and process to clean up the dirt outside, but also clean the pores of dirt, this is the hardest. NdFeB magnet magnetic low upfront cleanup as follows: alkaline degreasing - washing - pickling - washing - surface activation. But the process is simple, but it requires high degreasing agent, use NdFeB dedicated to oil degreasing agent, degreasing degreasing agent such many kinds of raw materials, the preparation process is very cumbersome. Since the advent of high-power ultrasonic cleaning machine, remove dirt problem would have been resolved. Ultrasonic cleaning machine powerful cavitation effect enables the residual magnetic micropores in alkaline, acidic substances can be completely removed.